## M$: It’s not a bug, it’s a feature! [Software] Hi all, known for ages. All (‼) versions of Excel round the degrees of freedom down to the nearest integer. df <- seq(10, 11, 0.2) q <- 4.5 res <- data.frame(df = df, correct = pt(q, df), Excel = pt(q, floor(df))) print(res, row.names = FALSE) df correct Excel 10.0 0.9994284 0.9994284 10.2 0.9994561 0.9994284 10.4 0.9994818 0.9994284 10.6 0.9995059 0.9994284 10.8 0.9995284 0.9994284 11.0 0.9995494 0.9995494 Quoting Martin: Never never never never use Excel. Not even for calculation of arithmetic means. Congratulations to M$ for making a continuous function discrete.

I had fun comparing papers by regulators based on Luther Gwaza’s Excel-Sheet for adjusted indirect comparisons with my R-package. Satterthwaite’s degrees of freedom are practically never* integers. Remember this goody of the EMA?

Results obtained by alternative, validated statistical programs are also acceptable except spreadsheets because outputs of spreadsheets are not suitable for secondary assessment.

• Only if variances are equal and sequences (crossovers) or group sizes (parallel) are equal.

Dif-tor heh smusma 🖖
Helmut Schütz

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